Cov PCs zoo ib yam rau chaw ua haujlwm lossis siv hauv tsev siv kwv yees li 150-300 W hauv qab qhov siab tshaj plaws. Gaming systems lossis PCs rau kev kho video feem ntau xav tau 300-500 W. Thiab muaj zog tsim nrog ob daim npav video xav tau 500-1000 W +. Nrog cov duab no, koj tuaj yeem ua tau xam watts kom raug, xaiv cov khoom siv nrog cov wattage zoo, thiab, raws li, txoj cai fais fab mov rau PC.
Ntawm no yog ib qho kev sib cais ntawm tus qauv siv cov khoom siv:
- motherboard: 25-80 W.
- CPU: 65-125 W.
- GPU: ~ 100-350 W hauv qab load.
- Nco, cia, kiv cua, thiab lwm yam.: Ib qho ntxiv 50-100 W.
Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm no yog kom tsis txhob muaj hwj chim ntau dhau. Lub hwj chim mov chav ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev thauj khoom ntawm 50-75%.
Koj txiav txim siab li cas lub zog siv ntawm CPU thiab GPU?
Ua li no, koj tuaj yeem siv cov cuab yeej software, cov qauv yooj yim, lossis ntsuas kho vajtse.
Rau CPU:
- HWiNFO / HWMonitor: Qhia CPU Pob Lub Hwj Chim, zoo li kev siv tiag tiag (tam sim no, yam tsawg kawg, siab kawg) ntawm cov sensors ntawm lub motherboard.
- Cov qauv raws li txoj cai ntawm hluav taws xob: P = V × I. Txhawm rau ntsuas, koj xav tau qhov hluav taws xob thiab tam sim no ntawm txhua lub zog hluav taws xob (core, SoC, thiab lwm yam), tom qab ntawd ntxiv lawv.
- Kev ntsuas kho vajtse: Qhov kev xaiv raug tshaj plaws yog ntsuas qhov tam sim no ntawm CPU pins lossis EPS cable nrog multimeter lossis adapter tshwj xeeb.
Rau GPU:
- HWiNFO / GPU-Z: Qhia Tag Nrho Graphics Power - GPU noj (tam sim no, min, max, nruab nrab).
- Txoj kev Delta: Ntsuas PC noj nrog thiab tsis thauj khoom nkaus xwb ntawm GPU (ntawm FurMark); qhov txawv = kwv yees GPU zog.
- Kho vajtse txuas ntawm multimeter rau PCIe connectors, tab sis qhov no yog qhov nyuaj dua thiab siv tsawg dua.
Yam khoom twg ntxiv cov khoom zais zais rau koj lub cev?
Muaj ob peb yam khoom thiab yam khoom uas ntxiv load rau lub hwj chim mov muaj peev xwm.
Motherboard thiab VRM
Niaj hnub nimno motherboards siv ib ncig ntawm 25-80 W, nyob ntawm lub chipset, VRM, RGB, thiab peripherals. VRM thiab voltage regulators siv lub zog ntxiv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub kaw lus nyob rau hauv qhov siab tshaj plaws load.
"Standby mode" rau lub sijhawm ntev
PSU nyob rau hauv hom standby (nrog rau lub PC kaw tab sis lub tsev qhib) tuaj yeem haus 0.5-5 W, qee zaum ntau dua thaum them nyiaj ntawm USB. Hauv qhov no, lub motherboard khaws cov chaw nres nkoj USB, hom pw tsaug zog (WoL), RGB, thiab lwm yam. Qhov no ntxiv +2-12 W.
Ntxuam, HDD, DVD
Cov kiv cua ntxiv 2-5 W txhua. CPU kiv cua ~ 3 W. HDD ~ 5–10 W, SSD ~ 1–2 W. Optical drives ncig ~ 1–2 W hauv hom standby.
RGB teeb pom kev zoo thiab peripheral
LED teeb pom kev zoo, keyboards, nas, thiab USB li ntxiv ob peb watts ntxiv hauv txhua hom. Cov no yog cov cim qhia tsis tseem ceeb uas yuav luag pom tsis pom piv rau lwm cov neeg siv hluav taws xob hauv koj lub PC, tab sis nws tsim nyog coj cov nuj nqis tsawg tsawg rau hauv tus account thiab.
Yuav ua li cas koj account rau cia li, RAM, thiab peripherals?
Cov duab hauv qab no yuav pab koj xam qhov tseeb load kom raug thiab xaiv PSU txoj cai rau koj lub PC.
RAM siv 2-5 W rau ib module (≈ 3 W / 8 GB). Kev nce tus naj npawb ntawm cov modules yuav luag ncaj qha nce lub zog noj ntawm tag nrho lub cev (4 × 4 W ≈ 16 W).
Cov khoom siv cia (SSD & HDD) muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob vim tias lawv ua haujlwm sib txawv. SSDs haus ≈ 0.6-5 W (feem ntau 2-5 W). HDDs, nyob rau hauv lem, haus 0.7-9 W (qee zaum mus txog 20 W nyob rau hauv load).
Kiv cua noj 2-6 W txhua, nyob ntawm lawv qhov loj / ceev. USB li, RGB, keyboard / nas feem ntau tuaj yeem ntxiv +10-50 W nyob ntawm lawv cov haujlwm thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm.
Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ntsuas kev siv hluav taws xob (piv txwv li, 80 PLUS®)?
80 PLUS® daim ntawv pov thawj ntsuam xyuas txiav txim siab npaum li cas lub zog tiag tiag mus rau cov khoom thiab ntau npaum li cas poob raws li qhov kub.
Daim ntawv pov thawj 80 PLUS® muaj ntau qib: Bronze, Nyiaj, Kub, Platinum, thiab Titanium. Cov qib siab dua, qhov ua tau zoo dua tau cog lus los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom (piv txwv li, Titanium muab txog li 96% kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm 50% load).
Vim li cas qhov no tseem ceeb? Vim tias qhov tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig PSU hloov pauv ib feem ntawm cov hluav taws xob mus rau hauv tshav kub, uas yuav tsum tau ua kom txias ntxiv thiab tsim suab nrov. Nrog lub cim 80 PLUS®, koj lub zog muab hluav taws xob tshem tawm cov kev hem thawj no thiab txuag koj hluav taws xob. Qhov tseeb mus txog kaum txhiab kWh ib xyoos twg.
Koj puas yuav tsum suav nrog cov npoo kev nyab xeeb thaum xam cov peev txheej PSU?
Tseeb tiag. Lub zog cia ua kom ruaj khov ua haujlwm ntawm chav tsev fais fab hauv qab ntau qhov system loads.
Kev thauj khoom ntawm 50-80% yog qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws rau PSUs. Kev khiav hauj lwm ntawm qhov txwv los yog tsis muaj kev cia siab ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov thiab suab nrov. Peak noj (txawm tias luv luv) tuaj yeem tshaj qhov suav. Ib qho cia ntawm 20-30% muab qhov tsis muaj. Lub zog cia tseem yuav pab ua kom lub zog ua kom tsis muaj zog.
Yog li, koj yuav tsum khaws cia ntau npaum li cas? Noj 20-30% siab tshaj qhov suav noj. Cov neeg siv khoom raws caij nyoog pom zoo kom ntxiv 100 W ntawm kev cia lossis ~ 20-30% nyob ntawm qhov system. Rau kev tsim hnyav lossis overclocking, ib qho kev cia siab dua (lossis txawm tias 1.5 × lub zog) yog qhov xav tau.
Yuav ua li cas overclocking cuam tshuam koj phau ntawv fais fab suav?
Overclocking cuam tshuam rau lub zog noj ntawm koj lub PC system, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov processor. Kev nce qhov zaus thiab qhov hluav taws xob ua rau lub zog nce nrawm raws li cov qauv: P ∝ f × V². Txawm tias qhov nce me ntsis hauv qhov hluav taws xob tuaj yeem ntxiv kaum tawm watts rau tag nrho cov load. Qhov nruab nrab, CPU overclocking tuaj yeem nce kev noj ntawm 50-100 W, thiab qee zaum, ntau dua. GPU overclocking kuj ntxiv kaum tawm watts, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv high voltages.
Qhov no yuav tsum tau muab coj mus rau hauv tus account ua ntej xam lub hwj chim noj ntawm tag nrho cov PC Cheebtsam. Yog li ntawd, thaum xam tus kheej lub peev xwm PSU, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom suav nrog overclocking yam thiab tso cai rau ib qho ntxiv.
Tag nrho cov kev siv hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau nce 10-25% lossis 100 watts ntawm qhov ntau. Rau kev teeb tsa huab cua, cov paj tau txog li 50% yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab. Qhov no yuav tiv thaiv overheating, instability, thiab ua rau kom lub durability ntawm PSU.
Dab tsi yog qhov yuam kev uas yuav tsum zam thaum kwv yees PSU wattage ntawm tes?
Nov yog cov tseem ceeb:
- Kev txiav txim siab tsis raug. Cov neeg feem ntau rho tawm kev ua haujlwm (piv txwv li, 80%) los ntawm lub zog ntawm chav tsev. Tab sis PSU kev ntsuam xyuas twb qhia txog lub zog tso zis, tsis yog kev noj los ntawm qhov hluav taws xob.
- Tsis quav ntsej qhov siab tshaj plaws. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm CPU thiab GPU TDP ≠ load tas li. Koj yuav tsum tau ntxiv 50-100 W ntawm kev cia rau lub sijhawm ntev tshaj plaws.
- Siv lub laij lej yam tsis muaj kev txheeb xyuas. Kev suav nrog cov cuab yeej online yuav tsis raug. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los kuaj xyuas cov chaw tsim khoom cov ntaub ntawv thiab ntxiv cov cia tseg manually. Los yog siv lub tshuab ntsuas hluav taws xob PC uas muaj pov thawj. Xws li Seasonic, uas coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm tag nrho cov khoom, ntxiv lub zog cia ntawm 15-20% thiab muab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob raws li qhov tau txais PSU fais fab.
- Ua tsis tiav rau hauv tus account lub load ntawm lub zog sib txawv. CPU thiab GPU siv feem ntau ntawm 12V kev tsheb ciav hlau, yog li tsis yog tag nrho PSW tseem ceeb, tab sis kuj muaj kev ua siab ntev ntawm 12V rail, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov khoom qub lossis pheej yig.
- Tsis muaj reserves rau upgrades. Tsis tas yuav yuav raws nraim "rau qhov txwv." Ib qho kev cia ntawm 20-40% muab qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev kho dua tshiab thiab kev thauj khoom ruaj khov dua.
Cov lus xaus
Niaj hnub no, muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los xam lub hwj chim xav tau rau koj lub PC, suav nrog manually. Ua raws li peb cov lus pom zoo rau hauv tus account, xav txog qhov tsim nyog lub zog reserves, kawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm koj lub PC Cheebtsam, thiab tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm koj txoj haujlwm, kev ua si, thiab txhua yam haujlwm tseem ceeb rau koj.
