Ma PC apakompyuta apakompyuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito muofesi kapena kunyumba amadya pafupifupi 150-300 W pansi pa katundu wambiri. Makina amasewera kapena ma PC osinthira makanema nthawi zambiri amafunikira 300–500 W. Ndipo zomanga zamphamvu zokhala ndi makhadi awiri amakanema zimafuna 500–1000 W+. Ndi ziwerengerozi, mungathe kuwerengera watts moyenera, sankhani zigawo zomwe zili ndi madzi oyenerera, ndipo, motero, mphamvu yoyenera ya PC.
Nayi kugawanika kwa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mokhazikika:
- mavabodiKukula: ~ 25-80 W.
- CPUKukula: ~ 65-125 W.
- GPU: ~ 100-350 W pansi pa katundu.
- Memory, yosungirako, mafani, etc.: 50-100 W yowonjezera.
Mfundo yaikulu apa ndikupewa mphamvu zambiri. Chigawo chamagetsi chimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri pa katundu wa 50-75%.
Kodi mumadziwa bwanji kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwa CPU ndi GPU?
Kuti muchite izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamapulogalamu, mafomu oyambira, kapena kuyesa kuyeza kwa hardware.
Za CPU:
- HWiNFO / HWMonitor: Imawonetsa Mphamvu ya Phukusi la CPU, monga kugwiritsa ntchito kwenikweni (panopa, kuchepera, kupitilira apo) kudzera pa masensa pa boardboard.
- Fomula molingana ndi malamulo amagetsi: P = V × I. Kuti muwunike, mukufunikira magetsi ndi zamakono pa njanji iliyonse yamagetsi (core, SoC, etc.), kenaka yonjezerani.
- Muyezo wa Hardware: Njira yolondola kwambiri ndikuyesa zamakono pa zikhomo za CPU kapena chingwe cha EPS ndi multimeter kapena adapter yapadera.
Kwa GPU:
- HWiNFO / GPU-Z: onetsani Total Graphics Power - Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa GPU (panopa, min, max, avareji).
- Njira ya Delta: Yesani kugwiritsa ntchito PC ndi komanso popanda katundu pa GPU (kudzera mwa FurMark); kusiyana = mphamvu ya GPU pafupifupi.
- Kulumikizana kwa Hardware kwa multimeter kupita ku PCIe zolumikizira, koma izi ndizovuta kwambiri komanso sizigwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Ndi zigawo ziti zomwe zimawonjezera katundu wobisika kudongosolo lanu?
Pali zigawo zingapo ndi zinthu zomwe zimawonjezera katundu ku mphamvu yamagetsi.
Motherboard ndi VRM
Ma board amakono amakono amawononga pafupifupi 25-80 W, kutengera chipset, VRM, RGB, ndi zotumphukira. Ma VRM ndi magetsi owongolera amawononga mphamvu zowonjezera, makamaka pamene dongosolo lili pansi pa katundu wambiri.
"Standby mode" kwa nthawi yayitali
PSU mumayendedwe oyimilira (yokhala ndi PC yozimitsidwa koma chipangizocho chiyatsidwa) chimatha kudya 0.5-5 W, nthawi zina zambiri pakulipiritsa kudzera pa USB. Pankhaniyi, bolodi la mavabodi limasunga madoko a USB, njira yogona (WoL), RGB, ndi zina. Izi zimawonjezera +2-12 W.
Mafani, HDD, DVD
Mafani amawonjezera 2-5 W iliyonse. CPU fan ~ 3 W. HDD ~ 5–10 W, SSD ~ 1–2 W. Magalimoto owoneka mozungulira ~ 1–2 W mumode yoyimirira.
Kuwunikira kwa RGB ndi zotumphukira
Kuunikira kwa LED, kiyibodi, mbewa, ndi zida za USB zimawonjezera ma watts angapo mwanjira iliyonse. Izi ndizizindikiro zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala zosawoneka bwino poyerekeza ndi ogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zina pa PC yanu, koma ndikofunikira kuti muganizirenso ziwerengero zocheperako.
Kodi mumawerengera bwanji zida zosungira, RAM, ndi zotumphukira?
Ziwerengero zomwe zili pansipa zikuthandizani kuwerengera katundu weniweniwo molondola ndikusankha PSU yoyenera pa PC yanu.
Ram imadya 2-5 W pa module (≈ 3 W / 8 GB). Kuonjezera chiwerengero cha ma modules pafupifupi mwachindunji kumawonjezera mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito dongosolo lonse (4 × 4 W ≈ 16 W).
Zipangizo zosungira (SSD & HDD) ali ndi mitengo yosiyanasiyana yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu chifukwa amagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana. SSD amadya ≈ 0.6-5 W (nthawi zambiri 2-5 W). Ma CDD, nayenso, amadya 0.7-9 W (nthawi zina mpaka 20 W pansi pa katundu).
Fans amadya 2-6 W iliyonse, kutengera kukula kwake / liwiro. Zipangizo za USB, RGB, kiyibodi/mbewa zimatha kuwonjezera +10–50 W kutengera zochita zawo pakugwira ntchito.
Kodi kufunikira kwa mphamvu zamagetsi (mwachitsanzo, 80 PLUS®) ndi chiyani?
Chiyero cha certification cha 80 PLUS® chimatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimapita kuzinthuzo komanso kuchuluka komwe kumatayika ngati kutentha.
Satifiketi ya 80 PLUS® ili ndi magawo angapo: Bronze, Siliva, Golide, Platinamu, ndi Titanium. Kukwera kwa mulingo, kumapangitsanso mphamvu zomwe wopanga adalonjeza (mwachitsanzo, Titaniyamu imapereka mpaka 96% yamagetsi ogwira ntchito pa 50% katundu).
N’chifukwa chiyani zimenezi zili zofunika? Chifukwa PSU yocheperako imatembenuza gawo lalikulu la magetsi kukhala kutentha, komwe kumafunikira kuziziritsa kwina ndikupangitsa phokoso. Ndi chizindikiro cha 80 PLUS®, gawo lanu lamagetsi limathetsa ziwopsezo izi ndikukupulumutsirani magetsi. Kwenikweni mpaka makumi masauzande a kWh pachaka.
Kodi muyenera kuphatikiza malire achitetezo powerengera kuchuluka kwa PSU?
Ndithudi. Kusungirako mphamvu kumatsimikizira kugwira ntchito kokhazikika kwa gawo lamagetsi pansi pa katundu wosiyanasiyana.
Katundu wa 50-80% ndiye mtundu wothandiza kwambiri wa ma PSU. Kugwira ntchito pamalire kapena popanda kusungirako kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa kutentha ndi phokoso. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri (ngakhale kwakanthawi kochepa) kumatha kupitilira kuwerengera. Kusungidwa kwa 20-30% kumapereka chitetezo. Kusungirako magetsi kumathandizanso kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa magetsi.
Ndiye muyenera kutenga ndalama zingati? Tengani 20-30% kuposa momwe mumawerengera. Ogwiritsa ntchito zopangira nyengo amalimbikitsa kuwonjezera 100 W posungira kapena ~ 20-30% kutengera dongosolo. Pazomanga zolemetsa kapena kupitilira, kusungirako kwakukulu (kapena mphamvu ya 1.5 ×) ndikofunikira.
Kodi overclocking imakhudza bwanji mawerengedwe anu amphamvu?
Overclocking imakhudza kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwa PC yanu, makamaka purosesa. Kuchulukitsa ma frequency ndi ma voliyumu kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka mwachangu kwa mphamvu molingana ndi formula: P ∝ f × ndi; Ngakhale kukwera pang'ono kwamagetsi kumatha kuwonjezera ma watts makumi ambiri ku katundu wonse. Pafupifupi, kuchulukitsa kwa CPU kumatha kukulitsa kugwiritsa ntchito ndi 50-100 W, ndipo nthawi zina, kupitilira apo. GPU overclocking imawonjezeranso ma watts ambiri, makamaka pamagetsi apamwamba.
Izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa musanawerengere mphamvu yamagetsi pazigawo zonse za PC. Chifukwa chake, powerengera pamanja kuchuluka kwa PSU, ndikofunikira kuphatikiza zinthu zochulukirapo ndikuloleza malire owonjezera.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zonse kuyenera kuwonjezeka ndi 10-25% kapena 100 watts kwambiri. Kuti muchepetse kunenepa kwambiri, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa 50%. Izi zidzateteza kutenthedwa, kusakhazikika, ndikuwonjezera kulimba kwa PSU.
Kodi ndi zolakwika ziti zomwe muyenera kupewa poyesa kuchuluka kwa PSU pamanja?
Nayi zovuta:
- Kulingalira kolakwika kochita bwino. Anthu nthawi zambiri amachotsa mphamvu (mwachitsanzo, 80%) kuchokera ku mphamvu ya unit. Koma mavoti a PSU akuwonetsa kale mphamvu zotulutsa, osati kugwiritsa ntchito komwe kumachokera.
- Kunyalanyaza katundu wapamwamba kwambiri. Kuchuluka kwa CPU ndi GPU TDP ≠ katundu wokhazikika. Muyenera kuwonjezera 50-100 W posungira kuti muthe kunyamula katundu wambiri.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito ma Calculator popanda kutsimikizira. Kuwerengera pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapaintaneti kungakhale kolakwika. Ndi bwino kufufuza deta wopanga ndi kuwonjezera nkhokwe pamanja. Kapena gwiritsani ntchito chowerengera chamagetsi chotsimikiziridwa cha PC. Monga Seasonic, yomwe imaganizira magwiridwe antchito a zigawo zonse, imawonjezera nkhokwe yamagetsi ya 15-20% ndikupereka magetsi molingana ndi mphamvu ya PSU yomwe idapezeka.
- Kulephera kuganizira katundu pa njanji osiyana mphamvu. CPU ndi GPU zimadya zambiri za njanji ya 12V, kotero osati PSW yonse yofunika, komanso kupirira kwa njanji ya 12V, makamaka ndi zida zakale kapena zotsika mtengo.
- Palibe kusungirako zokweza. Palibe chifukwa chogula ndendende "mpaka malire." Kusungidwa kwa 20-40% kumapereka mwayi wokweza ndi kutsitsa kokhazikika.
Zotsatira
Masiku ano, pali njira zambiri zowerengera mphamvu yofunikira pa PC yanu, kuphatikiza pamanja. Ganizirani zomwe timapereka, ganizirani zosungira mphamvu zofunika, phunzirani mawonekedwe a zida za PC yanu, ndipo pindulani ndi ntchito yanu, masewera, ndi ntchito zilizonse zofunika kwa inu.
