Ngaba unomdla kwindlela Ubuchwepheshe be5G isebenza? Ngaba kunenzuzo, ziziphi iingenelo kunye neengozi zobuchwephesha obutsha? Ziziphi iintlobo ezintathu ze-5G ezibizwa? Inqaku lanamhlanje ligubungela zonke.
Ihlabathi lilungele i-5G. Itekhnoloji imiselwe ukuba ikhawuleze kakhulu kunangaphambili. Ekupheleni kwe-2035, kuqikelelwa ukuba i-5G iya kuvelisa i-USD 12.9 yezigidigidi kumsebenzi wokuthengisa kunye nokuxhasa ngaphezu kwe-20 yezigidi zemisebenzi. EUnited States kuphela, kulindeleke ukuba kuveliswe imisebenzi emitsha ezizigidi ezi-3.5 kuze kongezwe ii-USD 550 bhiliyoni kwi-GDP. I-Apple ikhuphe iimodeli ezimbini ezintsha zee-iPhones zayo: i-iPhone 12 kunye ne-iPhone 13. Ezi iPhones zintsha zixhotyiswe ngezicwangciso ze-5G. I-Xiaomi yenye yeenkampani zohlobo lweefowuni ezithathe inyathelo lokuqala lokubandakanya i-5G kwiimveliso zabo. Cofa apha ukufumanisa ukuba zeziphi iifowuni ze-Xiaomi ezixhasa itekhnoloji ye-5G.
Itekhnoloji entsha ye-5G iya kuvumela abaqhubi ukuba bahlule inethiwekhi yomzimba kwiinethiwekhi ezininzi zenyani. Baya kuba nakho ukusebenzisa isakhono seslayi ezahlukeneyo ngokokubaluleka kwazo. Abasebenzisi baya kukwazi ukubona umbono we-360-degree yesenzo kwaye banokutshintsha phakathi kwemijelo eyahlukeneyo ngexesha elinye. Isantya sokudluliselwa kwedatha siya kuphucula kakhulu. Ngokufanayo, kuya kwenzeka ukusebenzisa izilayi zenethiwekhi ukurenta inxalenye yothungelwano ukukhonza iimfuno zabo.
Itekhnoloji iya kwakhiwa kusetyenziswa iiseli ezincinci ezikufutshane nababhalisi. Ezi seli ziya kufakwa kwiipali zoncedo kunye nefenitshala yesitrato, kwaye ziya kuba nee-eriyali "ezihlakaniphileyo" ezinokulawula imiqadi emininzi kubabhalisi ngabanye. Oku kuya kwenza ukuba i-5G isebenze kumanqanaba angaphantsi kwamandla kuneenkqubo ze-4G zangoku. Ubuchwephesha obutsha bekulindeleke ukuba bufikelele ekuhanjisweni ngokupheleleyo kwi-2020. Nangona kukho inani leenzuzo ezinokubakho, iteknoloji inemingeni emininzi yokunqoba. Nangona kukho ukungaqiniseki kunye nemingcipheko emininzi, obu buchwepheshe bungenazingcingo buya kuyiguqula indlela esinxibelelana ngayo.
Ngaba i-5G ikhuselekile?
Impendulo nguewe nohayi. Ngaphandle kwe-hype ejikeleze i-5G, kusabalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba kusekho ukungaqiniseki okuninzi malunga nokhuseleko lwetekhnoloji. Eyona nkxalabo inkulu ziimpembelelo zempilo ezinokubakho. Njengoko imi, ikamva le-5G libukeka liqaqambile. Kuninzi ekufuneka sikulindele. Ukuqala, iteknoloji ye-5G iya kwenza ukuba abaqhubi benethiwekhi bahlule inethiwekhi yomzimba kwiinethiwekhi ezininzi ezibonakalayo. Inethiwekhi enenyani iya kuvumela abaqhubi ukuba basebenzise isilayi esahlukileyo sothungelwano kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo, ezinje ngencoko yevidiyo.
Izinto ezilungileyo zeteknoloji entsha ye-5G
Ngelixa itekhnoloji isenokubonakala isoyikisa, iingenelo ze-5G zicacile. Ithatha indawo yemarike ye-4G egcwele kakhulu kunye nezicelo ezisekelwe kwinethiwekhi ephezulu. Itekhnoloji esezantsi latency iyenza ilungele ukusasaza ividiyo. Ukuthembeka kwayo okuphezulu kuvumela ukuba ixhase ividiyo kunye nesandi. Ukongeza, i-5G ikwanceda izixhobo ukuba zihlale zinamandla ebhetri. I-adaptive bandwidth iya kuvumela ifowuni ukuba itshintshe phakathi kwezantya eziphezulu kunye nezantsi zedatha, ukuyigcina ekukhupheni ibhetri.
Ukuze usebenze ngokupheleleyo, iinethiwekhi ze-5G zeselula kufuneka zibe nokufikelela kwi-high-speed backhaul capacity. Eyona backhaul yolu hlobo lwenethiwekhi iya kuba ngaphezulu kweentambo zefiber optical. Nangona kunjalo, ayinguye wonke umnikezeli onezityalo zefayibha kwiimarike zabo kwaye abanakuqeshisa umthamo kwabo bakhuphisana nabo. Oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka baqeshe umthamo kwiinkampani zikamabonakude kunye nabakhuphisana nabo. Ngelixa izibonelelo zetekhnoloji zibonakala, ukuhla kobu buchwepheshe kucacile.
I-5G yahluke njani kune-3G, LTE kunye ne-4G?
I-5G ikwasebenzisa uluhlu olubanzi lwee-frequencies kune-4G. Isebenzisa i-millimeter-wave ekhawulezayo kakhulu. La maza azimilimitha nje ezimbalwa ubude kwaye ane-frequency ephezulu kune-4G yamaza erediyo. Ukukhawuleza kwamaza, idatha eninzi banokuyithwala. Ngenxa yoko, i-5G inamandla okuguqula amashishini ahlukeneyo kunye neemveliso. Inamandla okuguqula indlela esisebenza ngayo, esiphila ngayo, nesidlala ngayo.
I-5G isebenzisa amaza erediyo aphezulu angaxutywanga kangako. Oku kuyenza ikwazi ukuthumela ulwazi oluninzi ngokukhawuleza. Itekhnoloji iya kusetyenziselwa ukunika amandla amakhaya ahlakaniphile anobuchule obuphambili. Itekhnoloji iya kwenza ukuhanjiswa komxholo ngokukhawuleza, ukunciphisa i-latency, kunye nokwandisa umthamo wedatha. Esi sizukulwana esitsha soqhagamshelwano olungenazingcingo luya kukhawuleza kunezizukulwana ezidlulileyo. Kwakhona kuya kuvumela uphuhliso lweenkonzo ezintsha kunye nezicelo. Kwaye, nangona kunzima, iteknoloji ayikakulungeli ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo.
Isantya se-5G siya kukhawuleza ngokumangalisayo. Luphuculo olubalulekileyo ngaphezulu LTE kwaye 3G. Kuya kuba nokuthembeka ngakumbi kune-4G, ngoko iya kukwazi ukukhuphisana nee-ISP ezikhoyo. Iya kwenza kwakhona izicelo ezitsha, ezifana nenyani kunye nenyani eyongeziweyo. Ngaphezu koko, i-5G iya kuhambelana neeselfowuni ze-4G. Ngaphandle koku, iteknoloji iya kuba luncedo olukhulu kwimimandla yasemaphandleni.
Ukwahluka kwe-5G: i-low-band, i-mid-band kunye ne-high-band
Kukho iinguqu ezininzi ze-5G. Okokuqala, makhe sithethe ngamabhanti ahlukeneyo. I-High-band ilungile kwi-high-speeds, ngelixa i-low-band ingcono kwimigama emifutshane. Ngelixa i-high-band inokuhamba ngeendonga, ikhawuleza kakhulu, nangona inendawo ephantsi yokhuselo. I-Mid-band ibonelela nge-latency ephakathi kunye noluhlu olungakumbi. Ibhendi ephantsi iwela kwindawo emfusa. Ngokomzekelo, i-T-Mobile yakha inethiwekhi yayo ye-5G kwilizwe lonke isebenzisa ibhendi ye-megahertz ye-600.
I-Low-band 5G yintlukwano yesiseko yethekhnoloji. Inoluhlu olubanzi lokugubungela kwaye inokufikelela imigama emide. Imalunga ne-%20 ekhawulezayo kune-4G, kwaye isetyenziswa zizikhululo zikamabonakude. Ngapha koko, iKhomishoni yoNxibelelwano ye-Federal icebise ukuba i-low-band 5G inokugubungela amabhendi phakathi kwe-600 MHz kunye ne-900 MHz. Nangona oku kusekude, kuseluphuhliso oluthembisayo.
Inkonzo ye-Low-band ye-5G ayikhawulezi njenge-high-band, kodwa isenokuphucula isantya sefowuni yakho. Inguqulelo ye-middle-band nayo kulindeleke ukuba ibe yindawo emnandi yokusebenza iminyaka embalwa. Nangona kunjalo, okwangoku, itekhnoloji isekwinqanaba layo lokuqala. Oku kuthetha ukuba nezona fowuni ziphambili azikakulungeli ukuthatha ithuba leenethiwekhi eziphezulu ze-5G.
I-Low-band 5G yeyona nto idumileyo kwezi zintathu. Ayiyiyo eyona hyped okanye eyona iphambili kwezi zintathu. Kodwa iseyeyona ixhaphakileyo kwaye inoluhlu lwama-600 ukuya kuma-700 MHz. I-mid band iqala kwi-2.5 GHz ukuya kwi-4.2 GHz, ebanzi kakhulu kune-spectrum ye-low-band. Kodwa okubi kukuba ayikwazi ukuhamba umgama omde ngenxa yemiqobo, kuquka izakhiwo kunye nezinto eziqinileyo. Oko kuthetha ukuba ithintelwe ngakumbi kwimimandla yasezidolophini. Nangona kunjalo, i-high-band isukela kwi-24 ukuya kwi-39GHz. I-High-band ye-5G isebenzisa i-frequencies kwi-low-band kunye ne-mid-band bands. Ezi bhendi zihlala zifikelela kwisantya sokukhuphela kwiigigabhithi ngomzuzwana.
Ngelixa ibhendi ephezulu iyeyona inyuswa kakhulu, i-middle-band 5G eyahlukileyo ayithembisi kangako. I-spectrum yayo ye-low-band ibonelela ngokugubungela ngakumbi, kodwa i-frequency yayo ye-low-band inokuhamba kuphela ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.
