Ama-PC ajwayelekile edeskithophu ehhovisi noma asetshenziswa ekhaya asebenzisa cishe u-150–300 W ngaphansi komthwalo omkhulu. Amasistimu amageyimu noma ama-PC okuhlelwa kwevidiyo ngokuvamile adinga u-300–500 W. Futhi izakhiwo ezinamandla ezinamakhadi amabili evidiyo zidinga u-500–1000 W+. Ngalezi zibalo, ungakwazi bala ama-watts kahle, khetha izingxenye ezinama-wattage alungile, futhi, ngokufanele, ukunikezwa kwamandla okulungile kwe-PC.
Nakhu ukuhlukaniswa kokusetshenziswa kwengxenye evamile:
- Ibhodi lomama: ~25–80 W.
- CPU: ~65–125 W.
- GPU: ~ 100–350 W ngaphansi komthwalo.
- Imemori, isitoreji, abalandeli, njll.: i-50–100 W eyengeziwe.
Iphuzu eliyinhloko lapha ukugwema amandla amaningi. Iyunithi yokuphakela amandla isebenza kahle kakhulu ngomthwalo wama-50-75%.
Unquma kanjani ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwe-CPU ne-GPU?
Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa amathuluzi esoftware, amafomula ayisisekelo, noma uthathe izilinganiso zehadiwe.
Okwe-CPU:
- I-HWiNFO / HWMonitor: Ibonisa Amandla Ephakheji Ye-CPU, njengokusetshenziswa kwangempela (okwamanje, ubuncane, ubukhulu) ngezinzwa eziku-motherboard.
- Ifomula ngokwemithetho kagesi: P = V × I. Ukuze uhlole, udinga i-voltage ne-current kumzila ngamunye wamandla (core, SoC, njll.), bese uwangeza.
- Izilinganiso zezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha: Inketho enembe kakhulu ukukala okwamanje kumaphini we-CPU noma ikhebula le-EPS nge-multimeter noma i-adaptha ekhethekile.
Nge-GPU:
- I-HWiNFO / GPU-Z: bonisa Amandla Ezithombe Eziphelele - ukusetshenziswa kwe-GPU (okwamanje, amaminithi, ubuningi, isilinganiso).
- Indlela ye-Delta: Kala ukusetshenziswa kwe-PC ngomthwalo nangaphandle komthwalo kuphela ku-GPU (nge-FurMark); umehluko = amandla e-GPU cishe.
- Ukuxhumeka kwehadiwe kwe-multimeter kuzixhumi ze-PCIe, kodwa lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi akuvamile ukusetshenziswa.
Yiziphi izingxenye ezengeza amandla afihliwe ohlelweni lwakho?
Kunezingxenye ezimbalwa kanye nezici ezengeza umthwalo kumthamo wokunikezwa kwamandla.
Ibhodi lomama kanye ne-VRM
Amabhodi omama esimanje asebenzisa cishe u-25–80 W, kuye nge-chipset, i-VRM, i-RGB, nama-peripherals. I-VRM kanye nezilawuli ze-voltage zisebenzisa amandla engeziwe, ikakhulukazi uma isistimu ingaphansi komthwalo omkhulu.
"Imodi yokulinda" isikhathi eside
I-PSU kumodi yokulinda (ne-PC icishiwe kodwa iyunithi ivuliwe) ingadla u-0.5–5 W, ngezinye izikhathi ngaphezulu lapho ishaja nge-USB. Kulokhu, i-motherboard igcina izimbobo ze-USB, imodi yokulala (WoL), i-RGB, njll., isebenza. Lokhu kwengeza okwengeziwe +2–12 W.
Abalandeli, i-HDD, iDVD
Abalandeli bengeza u-2–5 W ngamunye. I-CPU fan ~3 W. HDD ~5–10 W, SSD ~1–2 W. Amadrayivu okubona azungeze ~1–2 W kumodi yokulinda.
Ukukhanyisa kwe-RGB nama-peripherals
Ukukhanyisa kwe-LED, amakhibhodi, amagundane, namadivayisi e-USB engeza ama-watt ambalwa ngaphezulu kunoma iyiphi imodi. Lezi yizinkomba ezingasho lutho ezicishe zingabonakali uma ziqhathaniswa nabanye abasebenzisi bamandla ku-PC yakho, kodwa kufanelekile ukucabangela lezi zibalo zokusetshenziswa okuncane futhi.
Uzibheka kanjani izisetshenziswa zesitoreji, i-RAM, nama-peripherals?
Izibalo ezingezansi zizokusiza ukubala umthwalo wangempela ngokunembe kakhudlwana futhi ukhethe i-PSU efanele ye-PC yakho.
RAM idla u-2–5 W ngemojuli ngayinye (≈ 3 W/8 GB). Ukwandisa inani lamamojula cishe kwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwesistimu yonke (4 × 4 W ≈ 16 W).
Amadivayisi esitoreji (i-SSD ne-HDD) banezilinganiso ezahlukene zokusebenzisa amandla ngoba benza imisebenzi ehlukene. Ama-SSD sebenzisa ≈ 0.6–5 W (ngokuvamile 2–5 W). Ama-HDD, futhi, sebenzisa u-0.7-9 W (ngezinye izikhathi kufika ku-20 W ngaphansi komthwalo).
abalandeli sebenzisa u-2–6 W ngayinye, kuye ngosayizi/isivinini sayo. Amadivayisi e-USB, i-RGB, ikhibhodi/igundane ngokuvamile lingangeza +10–50 W kuye ngomsebenzi wazo phakathi nokusebenza.
Yini ukubaluleka kwezilinganiso zokusebenza kahle kokunikezwa kwamandla (isb, 80 PLUS®)?
Isilinganiso sesitifiketi se-80 PLUS® sinquma ukuthi angakanani amandla empeleni aya ezingxenyeni futhi alahleka angakanani njengokushisa.
Isitifiketi se-80 PLUS® sinamazinga amaningana: Ithusi, Isiliva, Igolide, iPlatinum, ne-Titanium. Uma izinga liphezulu, liphezulu ukusebenza kahle okuthenjiswe umkhiqizi (isibonelo, i-Titanium ihlinzeka ngokusebenza okusebenzayo kokunikezwa kwamandla okungafika ku-96% kumthwalo ongu-50%).
Kungani lokhu kubalulekile? Ngoba i-PSU engasebenzi kahle iguqula ingxenye enkulu kagesi ibe ukushisa, okudinga ukupholisa okwengeziwe futhi idale umsindo. Ngophawu lwe-80 PLUS®, iyunithi yakho yokuphakela amandla iqeda lezi zinsongo futhi ikugcinele ugesi. Ngokwezwi nezwi kufika emashumini ezinkulungwane ze-kWh ngonyaka.
Ingabe kufanele ufake imajini yokuphepha lapho ubala umthamo we-PSU?
Nakanjani. Ukugcinwa kwamandla kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kweyunithi yokuphakela amandla ngaphansi kwemithwalo yesistimu ehlukahlukene.
Umthwalo ongu-50–80% uwububanzi obusebenza kahle kakhulu kuma-PSU. Ukusebenza emkhawulweni noma ngaphandle kokugodla kuholela ekwenyukeni kokulahlekelwa ukushisa nomsindo. Ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu (ngisho nesikhathi esifushane) kungadlula isibalo. Indawo egciniwe engu-20–30% inikeza isigcinalwazi. Ukugcinwa kwamandla nakho kusiza ukunciphisa ukuguga kokunikezwa kwamandla.
Ngakho-ke, kufanele uthathe imali engakanani? Thatha u-20-30% ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa okubaliwe. Abasebenzisi bomkhiqizo wesizini batusa ukungeza okungu-100 W kokubekiwe noma ~20-30% kuye ngesistimu. Ngokwakhiwa okunzima noma ukweqisa, indawo yokugcina ephezulu (noma amandla angu-1.5 ×) iyadingeka.
I-overclocking ikuthinta kanjani ukubala kwakho kwamandla okwenziwa ngesandla?
I-overclocking ithinta kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwesistimu yakho ye-PC, ikakhulukazi iphrosesa. Ukwenyusa imvamisa ne-voltage kuholela ekwenyukeni okusheshayo kwamandla ngokuya ngefomula: P ∝ f × v². Ngisho nokwenyuka okuncane kwamandla kagesi kungangeza amashumi ama-watts kumthwalo ophelele. Ngokwesilinganiso, i-CPU overclocking ingakhuphula ukusetshenziswa ngo-50-100 W, futhi kwezinye izimo, ngisho nangaphezulu. I-GPU overclocking futhi yengeza amashumi ama-watts, ikakhulukazi kuma-voltage aphezulu.
Lokhu kufanele kucatshangelwe ngaphambi kokubala ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuzo zonke izingxenye ze-PC. Ngakho-ke, lapho ubala umthamo we-PSU mathupha, kubalulekile ukufaka izici ezingaphezulu futhi uvumele imajini eyengeziwe.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphelele kufanele kukhuliswe ngo-10-25% noma ama-watts ayi-100 kakhulu. Ukuze kucushwe ngokwedlulele, umkhawulo ofinyelela ku-50% kufanele ucatshangelwe. Lokhu kuzovimbela ukushisa ngokweqile, ukungazinzi, futhi kwandise ukuqina kwe-PSU.
Yimaphi amaphutha ajwayelekile okufanele uwagweme lapho ulinganisela amandla e-PSU ngesandla?
Nazi ezibucayi:
- Ukucabangela ukusebenza kahle okungalungile. Abantu bavame ukususa ukusebenza kahle (isb, 80%) emandleni eyunithi. Kepha izilinganiso ze-PSU sezivele zibonisa amandla okukhiphayo, hhayi ukusetshenziswa okuvela endaweni.
- Ukuziba imithwalo ephezulu. Isamba se-CPU ne-GPU TDP ≠ umthwalo ongashintshi. Udinga ukungeza u-50–100 W wokulondoloza ukuze ulayishe isikhathi eside.
- Ukusebenzisa izibali ngaphandle kokuqinisekisa. Izibalo zisebenzisa amathuluzi aku-inthanethi zingase zinganembile. Kungcono ukuhlola idatha yomkhiqizi bese wengeza indawo egciniwe mathupha. Noma sebenzisa isibali esifakazelwe sikagesi se-PC. Okufana ne-Seasonic, ecabangela ukusebenza kwazo zonke izingxenye, ingeza amandla agciniwe we-15-20% futhi inikeza amandla kagesi ngokusho kwesici samandla se-PSU esitholiwe.
- Ukwehluleka ukunaka umthwalo kumareyili ahlukene kagesi. I-CPU ne-GPU zisebenzisa iningi likaloliwe we-12V, ngakho-ke hhayi kuphela ingqikithi ye-PSW ebalulekile, kodwa futhi nokukhuthazela kwesitimela se-12V, ikakhulukazi ngezingxenye eziphelelwe yisikhathi noma ezishibhile.
- Akukho okugodliwe kokuthuthukiswa. Asikho isidingo sokuthenga ncamashi “kuze kube umkhawulo.” Indawo yokugcina engu-20-40% inikeza ithuba lokuthuthukiswa nokulayisha okuzinzile.
Iziphetho
Namuhla, ziningi izindlela zokubala amandla adingekayo e-PC yakho, okuhlanganisa ngesandla. Naka izincomo zethu, cabanga ngemithombo yamandla edingekayo, funda izici zezingxenye ze-PC yakho, futhi uthole okuningi emsebenzini wakho, imidlalo, nanoma yimiphi imisebenzi ebalulekile kuwe.
